total area: 1,648,195 sq km
land area: 1,531,595 sq km
water area: 116,600 sq km
Climate: mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Terrain: rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
arable land 10.8%
permanent crops 1.2%
Irrigated land: 95,530 sq km
Total renewable water resources: 137 cu km
Total freshwater withdrawal: 6.645 %
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters): 1,644
Natural hazards: periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes
Environmental issues: air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial waste; urbanization
Total labor force: 29.75 million
labor force agriculture: 16.3%
Agricultural products: wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, sugarcane, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar
land area: 1,531,595 sq km
water area: 116,600 sq km
Climate: mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Terrain: rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
arable land 10.8%
permanent crops 1.2%
Irrigated land: 95,530 sq km
Total renewable water resources: 137 cu km
Total freshwater withdrawal: 6.645 %
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters): 1,644
Natural hazards: periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes
Environmental issues: air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial waste; urbanization
Total labor force: 29.75 million
labor force agriculture: 16.3%
Agricultural products: wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, sugarcane, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar